Francisco José Leandro received a Ph.D. in political science and international relations from the Catholic University of Portugal in 2010. In 2014, 2017, and 2020, he was awarded the Institute of European Studies in Macau Academic Research Grant, which is a major component of the Asia-Europe Comparative Studies Research Project. From 2014 to 2018, he was the program coordinator at the Institute of Social and Legal Studies, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Saint Joseph in Macau, China. From 2018 to 2023 he was the associate dean of the Institute for Research on Portuguese-Speaking Countries at the City University of Macau (China). Since 2023, he is associate professor with habilitation in international relations at Faculty of Social Sciences – University of Macau (China) and the Deputy Director of the Institute of Global and Public Affairs. Francisco is a member of OBSERVARE (Observatory of Foreign Relations), which was founded in 1996 as a center for studies in international relations at the Autonomous University of Lisbon, Portugal.